In Alabama, a tenant can end a fixed-term lease early, without penalty, if one of several conditions is met, such as a privacy violation by the landlord. If none of the conditions are met, the tenant is liable for all remaining rent until a new tenant is found.
| Reason | Legally Acceptable? |
| Active Military Duty | Yes |
| Early Termination Clause | Yes |
| Uninhabitable Living Conditions | Yes |
| Tenant Death | Yes |
| Unenforceable/Void Lease | Yes |
| Landlord Harassment | Yes |
| Mental or Physical Disability | Yes |
| Landlord Retaliation | Yes |
| Domestic or Sexual Violence | No |
| Job Relocation | No |
| Backing Out Before Move-In | No |
| Buying a House | No |
In Alabama, as with all states, military duty allows a tenant to break a lease early, without penalty. Federal law allows active service members who are relocated due to deployment or permanent change of station to break a lease early [1] . The protection begins on the date on which the tenant enters active duty and ends between 30-90 days after the date of discharge.
This right cannot be waived. Any lease clause attempting to is unenforceable.To prove or verify military duty in Alabama, a tenant must give the landlord both of the following:
If a landlord doubts the authenticity of a tenant’s request to terminate a lease due to military duty, the landlord may submit a Record Request to obtain a report certifying the tenant’s active duty status. However, the landlord must create an account to use the Record Request.
To terminate a lease early for military duty, a tenant must provide written notice and proper documentation to the landlord. The tenancy does not terminate immediately. The earliest a tenant could terminate the lease is 30 days after delivery of the notice to terminate the lease.
For example, if the notice was delivered on the 23rd of March, and the rent is due on the 1st of each month, the earliest the lease can terminate is May 1st. Therefore, rent is still due for the month of April.
If an early termination clause exists in the lease, a tenant in Alabama may end their lease early. In Alabama, a landlord is not required to include an early termination clause in the lease.
An early termination clause allows a tenant to terminate a lease early in exchange for paying a penalty. Generally, an early termination clause allows a tenant to break a lease anywhere from 30-60 days after providing notice.
If a lease does not have an early termination clause, both the landlord and the tenant may agree to a “mutual agreement” to end the lease. In this case, the landlord and tenant write down the terms of the termination agreement, sign the agreement, and comply with the agreed-upon terms to terminate the lease.
In Alabama, a tenant can break a lease early, without penalty, due to uninhabitable living conditions if all of the following are true:
This right cannot be waived. Any lease clause attempting to is unenforceable.
In Alabama, there are specific instances that qualify as uninhabitable living conditions. To start, a unit must fail to meet certain physical health and safety standards under the implied warranty of habitability that are not a result of the tenant’s actions or negligence.
Here are a few examples of minimum habitability requirements that a landlord must provide:
Any situation that materially affects an ordinary tenant’s physical health or safety makes that rental unit uninhabitable.
To break a lease for uninhabitable conditions, the tenant must notify the landlord. The notice must be in writing and list the uninhabitable conditions. Once notified of a defective condition, the landlord has to make the repairs within 14 days.
In Alabama, to prove or verify uninhabitable living conditions, a tenant must show all of the following:
Upon receiving notice, the landlord may verify the conditions by inspecting the property. If the tenant intends to make the repair themselves, the tenant must provide the landlord with a copy of the repair bill and receipt for the payment.
In the event of uninhabitable living conditions, a tenant may terminate their lease early by providing the landlord with a written notice. The letter should state that the tenant is terminating due to the landlord’s failure to resolve the situation and, if possible, include proof of the violation and a prior notice requesting repairs.
If the landlord disputes the legitimacy of the uninhabitable conditions, they may file a complaint for a “declaratory judgment” with the Alabama district court asking whether the unit is truly uninhabitable.
In Alabama, a tenant’s estate can terminate a lease early, without penalty, if a tenant dies before the expiration of the lease [4] .
This right cannot be waived. Any lease clause attempting to is unenforceable.
In Alabama, the death of a tenant who was the sole occupant over 18 years old and signed the lease will qualify as a legitimate reason to terminate the lease. In the case of minors residing with the deceased tenant, the landlord will work out the specifics with their new legal guardian(s).
The tenant’s estate can demonstrate the tenant’s death by presenting the landlord with the death certificate. Alternatively, the landlord may obtain the tenant’s death certificate by contacting the Alabama Department of Public Health.
To prove their authority as the personal representative of the deceased tenant’s estate, the individual must provide the landlord with a copy of the tenant’s will or a court order identifying this person as such.
To terminate a lease early due to tenant death in Alabama, a representative of the estate must provide written notice to the landlord within 30 days after the death, remove the tenant’s belongings from the property, and sign an inventory of the removed items.
Termination of the lease is not effective immediately. The tenant’s estate will have a reasonable amount of time to inform the landlord that they want to terminate the lease.
If released, the tenant’s estate will still be liable for any past-due rent and any damages to the premises that are beyond normal wear and tear. Until the lease is fully terminated, the tenant’s estate will still be responsible for rent.
In Alabama, a tenant can break a lease early, without penalty, if there are unenforceable clauses or provisions that make the lease voidable [5] . Specifically, a tenant can break a lease early if the lease was signed under duress, if the tenant is a minor, or if the unit is illegal.
This right cannot be waived. Any lease clause attempting to is unenforceable.
In Alabama, a lease would be deemed unenforceable or voidable if any of the below are true:
To prove or verify that a lease was signed under duress, a tenant must demonstrate that they were not acting of their own free will when they signed it. Duress typically involves physical violence, but the tenant must also prove that those threats were the reason they signed the lease. Subsequently, the burden of proof shifts to the other party, who must prove that the tenant was not coerced into signing the lease.
To prove or verify that the party signing the lease was a minor, the easiest way will be to provide a birth certificate showing exactly when the tenant was born. Once confirmed, they will then be given the choice of whether they want to void the lease.
To prove or verify that the unit is illegal, a tenant can search public files at the local housing inspection department or agency. A tenant can search these files online by locating the “Certificate of Occupancy” document. Generally, every city or county will have a database where an individual can input the address of the property in question. Simply search “[the county or city name] + certificate of occupancy.”
If a lease is considered void or unenforceable, it is immediately terminated, as if the lease was never signed. Therefore, the tenant can move out immediately and no longer have to pay rent.
Furthermore, because the agreement is viewed as never in existence, any security deposits paid should be returned. The first step is asking the landlord to return the security deposit. However, if the landlord claims they do not owe you money, you may have to resort to filing a lawsuit in small claims court.
In Alabama, a tenant can terminate a lease early due to landlord harassment or privacy violations [6] . However, a court must determine whether landlord harassment occurred before a tenant can break the lease.
In Alabama, the following behavior qualifies as landlord harassment:
A tenant may prove or verify landlord harassment by keeping written records of any harassment or taking photos, if possible. At the hearing, a landlord may be able to counter this with similar evidence.
For example, a tenant may provide a court with pictures of an exterior door with no locks. In turn, the landlord may present evidence that the landlord was required to change the locks and show the court a receipt from a locksmith with an installation date for a new lock.
To terminate a lease for landlord harassment, a tenant must get court permission. The tenant must file a complaint with the Alabama District Court. The court will then schedule a show-cause hearing, where the tenant will provide facts on why there should be a complaint filed against the landlord.
If the clerk issues a complaint, a court date will be set. On the court date, it will be determined whether landlord harassment occurred and if the lease should be terminated.
In Alabama, as with all other states, a tenant can break a lease early, without penalty, because of a physical or mental disability.
Practically speaking, a tenant with a disability could request to terminate the lease if they can no longer function in a regular rental unit and need specialized care.
Not all physical and mental disabilities may meet the requirements for terminating a lease.
Individuals with disabilities are entitled to reasonable accommodations under both the Fair Housing Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Reasonable accommodations are changes, modifications, or exceptions made to policies, practices, or services to ensure that individuals with disabilities have equal access to housing opportunities and can enjoy their living space on an equal basis.
An individual is recognized as having a disability if they have a physical or mental impairment that substantially restricts one or more major life activities. To qualify there must be documentation of the impairment, such as hospitalization records and documented absences from work due to the disability.
A physical or mental impairment includes diseases and conditions such as:
When proving or verifying disabilities, there are two methods by which to do so:
A tenant with a qualified disability may request early termination of their lease as a reasonable accommodation under the federal FHA or ADA. If the landlord receives this request, they must grant it by terminating the lease.
However, if the landlord refuses to do so, the tenant may have to file a Fair Housing complaint or take legal action to enforce their rights.
In Alabama, a tenant can break a lease early, without penalty, if a landlord retaliates against the tenant [7] . Alabama law does not allow a landlord to retaliate against a tenant for exercising their rights under the law.
Alabama law sets forth specific instances that qualify as landlord retaliation. First, a tenant must have done one of the following:
After a tenant exercises these rights, any of the following actions may qualify as landlord retaliation:
In Alabama, a tenant can establish a claim of landlord retaliation by providing documentation of the rights they exercised under the law. This could include a copy of a complaint filed with a governmental agency or evidence of an altered lease or eviction proceeding.
However, the landlord will not be held liable if they can prove that the action was not taken as retaliation. To do so, the landlord must provide evidence that they intended to take the same actions prior to the tenant’s actions.
A landlord may also show that they exercised certain lawful rights through any of the following:
In Alabama, a landlord has the duty to mitigate damages, which requires that a landlord make reasonable efforts to re-rent the premises rather than charging the tenant for the remaining lease [1] . When the premises is rented out, the tenant will only be responsible for the amount of time the unit was vacant.
A tenant cannot break a lease due to domestic violence in Alabama. There is no explicit statute that lays out the guidelines for terminating a lease early for domestic violence. A tenant may be able to explain their situation to the landlord and convince the landlord to let them be released from the lease agreement.
A tenant cannot break a lease early due to a job relocation in Alabama. No laws exist in Minnesota to allow a tenant to automatically break a lease for a new job.
However, some leases contain a “transfer clause” which may allow a tenant to end a lease early if they are relocating for a new job.
In Alabama, a tenant cannot break a lease early after signing the lease but before moving in. However, a tenant may terminate the lease under an early termination clause, if the lease contains one.
In Alabama, a tenant cannot break a lease early due to buying a house unless the lease contains a clause allowing the tenant to terminate the lease early because of a new home purchase.
If there is no legal justification for breaking a lease early, then the tenant will be responsible for the remaining rent due for the lease.
Alabama does not have a law limiting the amount a tenant owes a landlord when breaking a lease early. A tenant could be liable for paying the remaining rent through the life of a lease. However, a landlord must mitigate damages and seek to replace the tenant.
In Alabama, a landlord needs to make reasonable efforts to re-rent the leased premise prior to charging the tenant for the total remaining rent due. This is known as the “duty to mitigate damages [8] .” If the premise is rented out, the original tenant will only be responsible for the amount of time the unit was vacant.
Alabama state law does not grant tenants, by default, the right to sublease. Instead, they must have explicit, written consent from the landlord to do so. If a tenant is able to sublet the premises, they will not be liable for the total remaining rent due under the lease.
In Alabama, tenants will be held liable for all remaining rent and property damage unless the landlord found a new tenant.
If not, potential consequences include:
Under the SCRA, a servicemember may terminate residential leases if he or she is transferred after the lease is made.
To terminate a lease early, military members must prove they signed a lease before entering active duty and provide written notice along with military orders to the landlord of their intent to end the lease early.
A landlord shall comply with the requirements of applicable building and housing codes materially affecting health and safety and make all repairs and do whatever is necessary to put and keep the premises in a habitable condition.
In the case of an abandoned manufactured dwelling that is owned by someone other than the tenant, the provisions of this chapter regarding the rights and responsibilities of a tenant to the abandoned manufactured dwelling shall also apply to that owner.
A rental agreement may not provide that the tenant agrees to waive or forego rights or remedies established under this section.
A landlord shall not abuse the right of access or use it to harass the tenant.
A landlord may not retaliate by discriminatory increasing rent or decreasing services or by bringing or threatening to bring an action for possession because the tenant has complained to a governmental agency of a house code violation.
The remedies provided by this chapter shall be so administered that an aggrieved party may recover appropriate damages. The aggrieved party has a duty to mitigate damages; provided, the duty of a landlord shall not take priority over the landlord’s right to first rent other vacant units
